Teachers role in Facilitating Learning

Teachers role in Facilitating Learning To fully understand, appreciate and reflect on this title, I will have to study three, very different, yet at the same time inherently linked facets of the education spectrum. Firstly, the role of the teacher will have to be explored and the functions and responsibilities this position entails. Are teachers just lecturing child-minders, or are they fundamental, not only to a childs learning in school, but to their social and moral development and education? Secondly, what children learn, how children learn, and how we, as educators, learn with them, are crucial aspects which cannot be ignored. And thirdly, I will refer to the aforementioned areas of teaching within the context of key stage 3 and 4 English. The precise role of the teacher varies, but educator and role-model are two essential parts. Teachers have a responsibility and a moral duty (and are legally contracted), to assist the development of a pupils learning throughout their school life, whether they are in a lesson or during any other scholastic situation. Teachers and pupils have to co-exist, live and work within the confines of a school, and the reasons why many children just cannot cope with this set-up are many. To minimize these potential problems, the teacher therefore has to cater for every pupils different needs, (race, gender, SEN etc). A teacher can do this by researching particular pupils asking previous teachers, seeing SAT scores and literacy and numeracy levels. Consulting the Senco can be beneficial if there are concerns over teaching somebody with special educational needs. Understanding and accepting pupils differences, whether they are educational, religious or cultural have to be, not tackled, but worked through with all parties present. A working relationship has to develop where the teacher can initiate and then assist learning and the pupil can respond in their own way. Knowing the pupils individually is of vital importance in knocking down walls and building bridges. The pupils knowing the teacher and the teache rs consistencies of discipline, standards and expectations, can benefit the two-way relationship. Both parties know each others likes, dislikes and boundaries etc. Children are constantly underestimated, they frequently gauge and assess the teacher, acting and reacting in different situations with different teachers, so its important to assert yourself and get that relationship right. This is a key target for me; because I worked as a teaching assistant at The Woodroffe, I had to create a formality between myself and a few of the pupils, whereas before it was beneficial to have a more relaxed approach to get the job done. In English, the teacher has several key tasks which help children to get the most out of the subject: giving the pupils confidence to try when reading and when writing and to give them the relevant skills. Encouraging them to share opinions and interact with their peers through discussion speaking and listening. Introduce literature and language variation. Help them to understand the authors craft reading for meaning. They should be given access to our literary heritage and texts from different cultures and traditions. Recognise where a pupil may benefit from drama and ICT related lessons and then differentiate accordingly. Teachers should consolidate this information with media topics and theories to expand knowledge and understanding. The ability to fuse these areas is a teachers aim. The teacher constantly has to push the boundaries, challenge the pupils to get them out of their comfort-zone. There is an element of risk involved for the teacher in attempting a balanced but chall enging lesson. There is also risk for many pupils in different ways: Some of us are risk tolerant and some of us are risk averse with all points equally represented. If you are in a learning situation and anxiety tips into stress, then what happens next is predictable. There are four categories of survival response available to you. A teacher or anyone is involved in formally educating others will be familiar with them. They are fight, flight, freeze and flock. You show resistance or fight the source of stress, you flee from it, you freeze in the face of it or you hang out with others like you or flock from it. If you have an accumulation of stressors that leave you feeling out of control, then the four Fs are what is left for you.  [1]   The teacher regularly reviews the boundaries to reduce the usage of these defence mechanisms. These four Fs are prevalent in English where in ascertaining whether the students have understood, the teacher will direct questions to random pupils, which in their eyes might be thought of as picking on. Speaking and listening tasks can offer problems to some students who may be good in other areas and some pupils respond by using one of these defence mechanisms because they lack the basic skills needed. What the teacher can do to alleviate this problem is to fore-warn the class that questions will be asked, nominate a table, group or pairs for an answer and say what type of questions you are going to ask, building up from easy questions to harder questions. A quieter student could be asked before the lesson if they felt okay with answering a question/performing a poem etc. A certain degree of sensitivity and common sense is needed when considering this question. Because English is such a varied subject that encompasses many different teaching and learning styles, it can be difficult to teach and consider the different and necessary approaches. Key stage 3 can be problematic at The Woodroffe as the classes are of mixed ability with a vast range of skills and needs. Key stage 4 are put into sets which, although can help with differentiation, means the need to further challenge pupils becomes more apparent. Pupils know every trick in the book, every survival technique that will help them to stay alive in the jungle that is their classroom. The teacher has to remain one step ahead of them, using their motivational techniques along with a good lesson, to keep the class participating. Knowing each pupil and their needs is of vital importance to the teacher. The balance of praise and criticism in teaching is an ongoing debate and an issue of common sense. Educational psychologists, writers, theorists, parents and teachers have all added their ideas to the following questions: Is it three ticks to one cross? Do you give out fewer ticks as the pupils get older? Do you mark in green or red pen? These are just some of the basic questions that are trying to be answered. At my school there is an Assessment For Learning initiative set up where a group of teachers have volunteered to try many of these schemes. They meet up quarterly to share results. From attending one of these meetings and by witnessing them in class, I am now aiming to use one or two of the ideas in my lessons. For instance, the question of how to mark effectively: Within this context it is very difficult to state what type of marking is needed and where. One possible rule offered is that you dont highlight every spelling mistake, especially for the lower ability groups. This issue splits teachers. As previously mentioned, I feel that this is an issue of common sense depending on the context of the situation. There is also the question of summative vs. formative marking, but does there have to be verses, they can co-exist together. Sometimes a comment is more beneficial to the student than a grade. Some students may prefer to see a mark or grade so that they can easily see improvement. There is ongoing research into this area. Choosing which type of marking to use is a matter for each individual teacher and their individual students. Again, it is your knowledge of the pupils as individuals, building on your expectations for them, what they are achieving and what they should be achieving and getting the pupil to recognise these expectations. Just as two pupils are never the same, the marking, comments and grades reflect this. Teachers have to regulate and differentiate and only by knowing the pupils, (SEN, background, social problems etc) will this occur. I have realised that some pupils benefit from formative marking and that some crave a grade or number so that they see if they are progressing. It appears to me that higher ability students like to see the grades. I was asked recently by a higher ability year 12 student to give a grade for a piece of homework where I had just put a constructive comment. Putting crosses in red, underlining incorrect spelling and putting see me! at the end of the work, are all methods which we are familiar with, but how many teachers actually appreciate and celebrate pupils work? At every level pupils like to see their work appreciated by the teacher and the class. They like to know that they understood the question or showed a great deal of effort. They like to be rewarded appropriately and consistently. For some pupils just to finish a piece of work is a cause for celebration. This celebration should be differentiated by the teacher in accordance with individual expectations. Linked with praise and criticism is target-setting. A current theme in schools is for the student and teacher to work together to set the pupils targets for the term/year etc. The theory behind this idea is to involve the pupil as much as possible so they can create manageable targets. Also, they are more likely to resist completely if a teacher were to set their targets and force-feed them to the student. In English, setting targets, no matter how small and achieving them is the basis for progression in learning. Targets could include spelling certain words, taking part more in class discussions, not calling out or handwriting. Again, this target setting is heavily differentiated and that is why I feel it is a good idea to involve the student, they know probably better than the teacher where they need to improve. I have worked with students and other teachers setting literacy targets and behavioural targets in other schools and at The Woodroffe. We adjusted the targets by looking at levels and listening to comments from other teachers, not just in English. This idea attempts to motivate students by shifting the responsibility, from the teacher to the pupil, involving them more in their learning. This is just one facet of an interactive movement within education today; self-marking and self-evaluation are important tools in the classroom for all key stages. Just recently I asked a year 10 group to mark their own work as if they were a teacher. The comments and grades that I were shown were very interesting, the amount of constructive reflection was very surprising. This allows the students to see their work from a teachers perspective what they will be marked on and how the teacher allocates marks for spelling and handwriting, for example. The idea is to create reflective pupils. Pupil responsibility is the current catchphrase, although some students understand the reasoning behind the idea more than others. In my year 9 lessons, preparing for their SATS, I ma ke very explicit what they will be marked on for each type of question. They are given the mark scheme to mark their own mock papers. This seems to help them a great deal and they are beginning to realise that teachers dont just give a random grade with could do better on the bottom. A teacher has to consider the use of the different learning styles: visual, auditory and kinaesthetic. Visual learners like to see what they learn, auditory learners like to hear what they learn and kinaesthetic learners like to be physically involved in what they learn. They should be used together and this cross-over is of vital importance in an inclusive learning environment. In English, skills are needed that incorporate different styles of teaching (reading, writing, watching, speaking, listening, performing). When planning, teachers have to accommodate all the methods to make sure they appeal to all the different types of learners in their class. Across both key stages I have aimed to deliver a varied programme within the lesson; when I am explaining something I try to express it clearly and concisely, have what I am saying on the board, sometimes with a picture and by giving out helpful handouts. By demonstrating something as I am explaining it, especially in drama and speakin g and listening, helps to address all the different types of learners. Also, I prefer to set work involving a mixture doing tasks, reading tasks, written tasks, whilst incorporating drama and ICT. Flexibility within a lesson structure is a key theme. Recognising where to be flexible is a trait of a good teacher: (Is this too easy for them shall I move on to something more challenging? Did they get all that shall I go over it again?) Because of the wide range of topics in English, a well-structured lesson should be planned, although digression in a lesson, especially when instigated by a pupils question, can be beneficial to develop. It is beneficial if a teacher is enthusiastic and is able to enthuse students. This enthusiasm should be considered a valuable resource, just like the teachers subject knowledge. The knowledge of, understanding and using resources are essential for enhancing the learning experience. Resources can be varied and obviously differ between subjects, classrooms and teachers. Resources can include such things as: Teacher knowledge Student knowledge Teaching Assistants I.C.T. computers, O.H.P.s, digital cameras, video cameras etc Research Homework A brilliant and effective lesson is very hard to achieve. A well-structured lesson is a must as long as there is flexibility allowed, as previously mentioned. Presentation and delivery are also important aspects to consider whilst not forgetting the power of the teacher to inspire: Use rich language and lots of repetition. Encourage learning behaviours noticing, naming, describing, speculating, questioning. Encourage physical exploration and robust play. (Smith, p.46) Other things that are found in a good lesson vary from subject to subject, factors that I consider crucial in English are: 1) Good planning and preparation. A well planned and prepared lesson is more likely to be a good one. Each learning objective and task to meet that objective is carefully considered to be beneficial to the students. This is an ongoing target, which I feel I have met to a basic level. 2) Knowing the pupils well. By knowing the pupils well you can cater for all their weaknesses and abilities, set achievable targets, expectations and boundaries. Again, I know the majority of my students and some of their weaknesses and strengths but I realise more background research on the pupils is needed. 3) Differentiation/learning styles. This is to benefit each student with their own needs and learning styles tailoring the lesson so that it is accessible to thirty or more students. This is a key aim of mine and although I feel I understand what is needed, I need to spend a great deal of time on this area. 4) Check understanding continually (also from assessment). I check at regular intervals by asking questions, checking books and work in lesson. This is important because it is vital to realise if you are going too fast or too slow. Students that dont understand will switch off. Also, knowing when you are going too fast is crucial and leads on to: 5) Consolidation building on prior knowledge/looking to future lessons. This can be added to the start of a lesson to refresh memories and to let the students know the content of the lesson. I feel I do consolidate consistently but it is an ongoing, rolling target of mine. 6) Appropriate working relationship with students. As previously mentioned, to benefit the student and the teacher, getting the correct balance has to be achieved. This is an area where I realised I needed to focus myself. I think I am gradually achieving that balance. A critical aspect of the facilitation of learning is the actual environment where the learning takes place, usually the classroom. Children are learning all the time, whether they know about it or not: There is a great deal of learning that goes on outside of conscious attention. The brain processes information that is neither attended to nor noticed and this process is pervasive and ongoing. Children can, in some situations, be learning without the involvement of the teacher! (Smith, p.161) There are other ways to make the classroom an enriched learning place and accessible to all. Behaviour is a major factor, if you have bad behaviour constantly and from different students, you may well question your choice of lesson for them. A lesson that is too easy for students is just as bad as a lesson that is too hard for them. Better behaviour means better learning. Classrooms become better places in which to study and more enjoyable to work in.  [2]   It is also beneficial to students and teachers alike, to be consistent when setting and enforcing rules and boundaries. By talking to staff and from my own experiences, I have realised this is an important aspect. Clarification, explanation and the displaying of rules and guidelines are essential as pupils learn best in ordered environments where boundaries are clear.(DfES 2003) It is easy to overlook the actual classroom space. This is an integral part to the students lessons. Is it light and airy? Is it overcrowded or badly set out? Are the wall displays overbearing, too busy? Or, are the displays subtly aiding learning by just being visible? Students are proud to see their own work on the walls and this sense of well-being can only help create a positive atmosphere. It is good for the students to know where everything is in a classroom. Are the dictionaries and other resources easily accessible? Are the tables and chairs set out in rows or in groups? Which way would suit the task you are about to set? I have always thought that this is an area that could easily be overlooked by teachers and although I aim to consider this factor, I find it difficult when I use twelve different rooms, some of them art and science rooms which are not conducive for teaching English. Differentiation is a major consideration in the classroom. Recognising, understanding and catering for every childs individual needs are essential; knowing the pupils, planning for them appropriately and setting achievable learning outcomes. Getting the balance between challenging content and achievement can be difficult, even for experienced teachers. That is why it is so important to know your pupils well, as previously discussed. What special educational needs do they have? What can you do to help them progress in their learning? In English, recognising reading and writing problems, are they dyslexic? Also, speaking and listening problems, autism and understanding these problems is necessary. How can you make your lessons more accessible for them? You can try to understand their problems and talk to the Senco about how to facilitate learning better. Have they any background or social problems? Teachers have to differentiate for the gifted and talented in their classes, with extens ion tasks combined with rewards, whilst not forgetting all the pupils in between. It is also a key aim for teachers to be reflective, recognising the good aspects of their teaching and developing them in order to facilitate progression in pupils learning. It is also necessary for them to realise where their teaching techniques and methods can be improved to achieve their full potential as an educator, which in turn, will improve the student. Although I have only limited experience, one example is fresh in my mind: Whilst beginning to take a year 11 GCSE prep. group, I realised that because of their lack of motivation, they werent really benefiting from my lessons. I discussed the issue with my mentor and approached from a different angle, changing my lesson plans, tasks and delivery to get their attention and to offer the skills they needed to learn. I think that the role of the teacher is an indefinable idea. As times change, so do the responsibilities and duties for a teacher. One thing remains constant however, the main drive of teacher as educator. Although teachers wear many different hats, their actual teaching hat is never taken off, that is the one thing that takes precedence. As previously mentioned, teachers have to be flexible nowadays, and it is this pliability that has helped to make teaching such a demanding but rewarding career. Teaching has evolved and the roles are many and varied across the entire spectrum. There is a shift in telling the children what they need to know, to telling the children how to find out what they need to know, giving them the responsibility for their learning and development. In English, there is a drive towards prioritising what the child needs to progress on, students are marked and evaluated as individuals not as a whole class. Getting the balance between consolidation and moving the class on is a constant consideration and through teaching, teachers are learning how to adapt and improve so they can benefit the students to their full potential.

Family groupings Essay

1. â€Å"Many young children spend more waking hours with caregivers than they do with their primary families† (Swim & Watson, 2011, p. 16). Based on the information presented on pages 9-21 of your course text, explain how the combination of family groupings, continuity of care, primary caregiving, and rich partnerships with families enhance healthy infant development and learning in the context of infant care. It is very important that an infant develops a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for social and emotional development to occur normally. The attachment theory suggests that infants, toddlers and adults need time to create positive emotional bonds with one another. The transition between home and school should be smooth and continuous. The only pathway for achieving that is through partnering with families. Recognizing, supporting, and utilizing this can significantly improve your effectiveness as a caregiver and educator (Swim & Watson, 2011). 2. Developmentally appropriate practice in infant settings requires understanding the bidirectional and reciprocal relationship between the child and his or her environment. Based on Chapters 1 & 2 of your course text, provide a total of three examples of bidirectional and reciprocal relationships that exist between infants, families and child care settings. Based on these examples, describe the role infant settings can play in supporting infant and family development. Three examples of bidirectional and reciprocal relationships are physical, emotional and social language. There is an increased need for teacher education, parent education, including proper selection of care settings, innovative and child centered practices such as continuity of care, effective use of resources. The role infant settings can play in supporting infant and family development is it is important for the primary caregiver to understand that even newborns have a part in their own growth and development. Infa nts have their wants, needs and desires and they must be respected (Swim & Watson). 3. â€Å"A culturally rich curriculum encourages the recognition of cultural differences and helps young families connect with the traditions of their heritage and culture† (Swim & Watson, 2011, p. 21). Based on the discussion of cultural models presented on pages 21-23 of your course text, explain the role of the infant caregiver in providing a culturally rich curriculum. A culturally rich curriculum encourages the recognition of cultural differences and helps young families connect with the traditions of their own heritage and culture. Infant caregivers recognize the richness and opportunities available in order to work with families of diverse ethnic, racial and cultural groups (Swim & Watson). The infant caregiver wants what we all want and that is happy, healthy and successful children. Organizing and ongoing reflection upon what parents tell us about their strategies can help us discover their cultural model for caregiving, and then compare it with the cultural models th at guide our own practice (Watson, 2011).

Bad Influence Cartoon

Life is a learning experience; we live, we learn, and we grow. Sometimes I like to look at life on the monkey see, monkey do saying. Kids especially are known to do this. They tend to mimic everything that they see, and this is how they learn new things. On today’s television there are so many different shows and cartoons that kids learn things from some of the things they learn are great and other things are not so good for children viewing such as the cartoon Family Guy.People may look at Family Guy as a very funny cartoon but in all it’s actually a very rude show. When the creator came up with it I do not think that he/she thought that children would be into this show and I do not think that this cartoon was even made for children viewing because of its contents; but the fact still remains that they are looking at this show. Family Guy is not your ordinary cartoon. It has a lot of violence, sex, bad language, drinking, drugs, and smoking.Majority of the time either s omething has a bad influence or it has a good influence whether it be the friends we surround ourselves around, or the music we listen to but mainly what we visually encounter is what has the greater effect on who what we do and who we become. There is nothing good about Family Guy that would influence a child to head into the right direction. It does not teach children to be respectful in any way. The children that are watching this cartoon begin to mimic the baby whose name is Stewie and the dog named Brian.It does not help the show in anyway with making the dog and the baby the smartest family members of the show. Sometimes parents may be driving or cleaning for example and their child may say something that they never thought their child would say such as â€Å"damn†, and then, they may wonder where they get that from. Parents need to monitor the shows that their children watch because it’s a proven fact that kids imitate what they see.A lot of parents do overlook Family Guy because they may glance at what the kids are watching and just because they see cartoon characters they assume that it is ok. But it is a very rude, nasty, and degrading carton for kids to be viewing. In my opinion cartoons that are rated in the manner that Family Guy is, should not be allowed to be introduced on television as a cartoon. I know that’s what makes the show funny as it is for the adult viewers, but the oint is children are watching this. It’s very misleading to the adults and children that may have never saw the show before. Also since it is a cartoon and on national air, it should come on at very early morning hours such as 3am when kids are sleeping. So parents, take time out to sit down and watch what your children are watching to ensure that its child friendly, and that they are learning positive things, otherwise you will be amazed daily at what your children do and begin to say.

Integration of social sites - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 24 Words: 7264 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? ABSTRACT I am taking this project as a part of my BIS (Business Information System) Degree that is under taken by Greenwich University. The goal of this project is to design and develop a Social networking Site to enable the users to share their daily activities with their friends. The system has a lot of facilities which will be very much helpful for the users to communicate with each other with an efficient and more frequent manner. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Integration of social sites" essay for you Create order By using the system the user will get a very comfortable and relaxed environment. The user will be able to share his/her current status to the wall, make friendship with other users of the system, send private messages to users of the system, and will enjoy all the other functionality that a social site should have. There will be some additional functionality besides the traditional functionalities that a social site provides. The user will receive all his/her social sites feed/notification from here centrally and he/she can update all his/her social sites wall/status at once from this site. So the user does not need to login to each of his/her social accounts in order to updating the current status. I will use here php as the base programming language and a framework/cms of php called drupal for the development of the application. I will also use flash, actionscript, amfphp, css, html, ajax and tons of other supporting technologies. I will use mysql as the database system. For the accomplishing of the analysis part for this application I decide to use UML toolset. Preface Social networking sites have become an integral part of our life. Social network sites are increasingly attracting the attention of users. I will show features of Social network sites and propose a comprehensive definition throughout my project. I am going to develop the project Integration of social Sites using Object Oriented Software Development concept. It is unique in nature and most of the data are unstructured and semi structured. So the system model, analysis and design specification is constructed by using UML (Unified Modeling Language) for the proposed system. The project I have undertaken as a part of my BIS (Business Information System) Degree that is under taken by Greenwich University. It will be an integration of commonly used social sites so that all the users of the system can enjoy all the flavors of all the social sites centrally. Acknowledgement I would like to thank Greenwich University for accepting my project proposal. I believe that this project will help me to increase my leanings that I received from my courses, and I think ,with the ongoing project I can eliminate my shortcomings that I am bearing with me. This project is going to be a great opportunity for me which will make me more confident to work in the corporate world without any hesitation. I would like to thank, The tuition provider here in Bangladesh, Daffodil Institute of IT for giving me such environment to carry out my project and all necessary resources that is a must requirement for my project research. Moreover, I would also like to thank my project supervisor Mr. Sarwar Hossine and my cource coordinator Mr. Shamsuddin Ahmed for giving all their valuable times and patience that he they spent for enhancing all aspects of my project. Finally, I would like to thank The most Gracious and Merciful Allah to give me such patience to handle my project. INTRODUCTION: Over the last few years, social networking websites such as Facebook and Twitter have exploded in the popularity, especially among teenagers and children. Facebook,twitter, Myspace, and other sites have plentiful benefits for their own users in terms of talking and interacting with other people, but also provide widespread privacy and safety features. All these applications keep all the users data secured. For example, Facebook does not allow people to view other users profiles unless they are friends, which needs both people to confirm their relationship status. Even this is possible to limit what sections of a users profile are visible to his/her friends, which friends can see it and/or (for the especially suspicious) to make the users profile completely invisible to everyone to the application. The purpose of this project is to analysis; design and develop a user friendly site for this Integration of social Sites Project where all the users can get a flavour of accessing all types of social networking site by accessing only one site and he or she gets updated all of his accounts simultaneously without accessing all of his account. In designing and developing this project Object Oriented Technique is used. The programming language used here is php, drupal(a framework/cms of php) and the database used is Mysql and many other supporting technologies such as Flash/ Action script ,Amfphp ,asp, html, css, javascript, ajax will be used in different places in the application for serving different purposes. This combination has built a foundation in my learning process and obviously I have gathered some experiences for development of this user friendly site. All the functionalities of a social site will be available in this site. But there will be also some extra feature which will make this application different from the rests. Integration of social Sites required a well furnished site which will have a user friendly access, and I tried my best to build this integration site. At present when the documentation was under preparation it is 80% completed by php/drupal. Literature Review Introduction Social Networks are platforms which enabling online communication between users may be from Different Countries throughout the world. This social Network creates a web of connections between individual users that shares something for frequent such as shared contacts, interests, beliefs, place of work, location etc. In the last few years have seen a striking increase in the embracing of Social Networks by users across the world. Some of the more admired sites embrace Facebook, Bebo, Myspace,twitter Hi5, Orkut etc. Advertising is the traditional commerce model behind Social Networking applications. Now a days more and more organizations are taking up Social Networking to upgrade knowledge enable and pool sharing of information among people. The following chart shows the visitor analysis graph of different popular social sites. Take a deep look in social networking sites In the new era of modern Information Technology social networks become a crucial medium of relationship among human beings. Online social networks are webs of relationships that grow from computer mediated discussion. The webs grow from conversations among people who share a common affinity. It also has several business benefits like links, mindshare and branding, sales, customer interaction. Popularity of social networks like Myspace and Facebook is get booming day by day. After having a deep look at the social sites along with their popularity I decided to build a social site which will provide all the traditional functionalities that a social application should provide like making friends, communicate with friends, send private message, comment over friends status etc. Besides these a plan to have some extra cool features in my community sites was made. These will be described later in this section. Now we are going to have a deep look in traditional social networking sites. In th e following section it will be described that what a social site is, its objectives, how it is grown and ofcurse the functionalities of some most popular social sites. What is social networking? In both professional and personal life, human beings naturally form groups based on similarities and expertise. We settle to others with whom we share interests. Not unexpectedly, these networks are getting rapidly migrated to the online world. Online social networking applications has been around in different forms for nearly a decade, and has begun to complete wide notice in the last few years. Online social applications take many forms, and are developed for many reasons. Despite their differences, online social applications do, however, commonly demonstrate a number of the following concepts. These are as follows Profiles Each of the members of an application has a profile that serves as the individuals identification in the application. In the experts context, profiles often contain information concerning the individuals knowledge, education, affiliations and interests, as well Information regarding the individuals skills and possessions. Status Each member of the application has a status for a particular time. In different application the name of status differs according to its needs. For facebook, the status is described as wall. The user can post something to his status/wall and also in some application (like facebook, twitter) friends are also allowed to post something in the status. Connections Online social networks typically enable individuals to make connections with others in the network. In some cases, these connections are implicit, and derived from past actions (such as sending an email to another member of the network). In other cases, the connections are explicit, and are set up and created by the members themselves. Deceptively simple, online social applications have great power. They change the online space from one of static web pages and stale advertising messages to a live, exciting network of connected persons who share their abilities, interests and expertise. Social networking applications can be used in following way Share knowledge between Individuals By connecting social network with basic subscription technologies such as RSS(Really Simple Syndication), a person can easily subscribe and desubscribe to updates from colleagues, friends and customers. This enables a straightforward method of staying alongside each other of the goings-on in projects of attention, as well as a way to share awareness within an organization without paying some additional effort. It also addresses some issues of email overload, as knowledge is pulled by those who have a interest or need for updates. Customer and Member Relationship Development Customer contentment is at an all-time short, perhaps as a product of the reduced business focus over actual relationships. Online social applications allow a prospective member or prospective customer to easily facilitate a real and human level connection with individual users within an organization. This enables actual business relationships to form and puts a valid human face on the interaction, changing the outdoor perception of an organization from a sterilized. Customer support (connecting the customer with the accurate resource) Successful customer support achieves a number of goals. This is another form of social application. Basic customer service contains, of course, assisting customers when they have some problems or questions about any organizations products. However, online application enables exceptional customer support that goes away from the basics, allowing customers to connect with experts in an organization who have a deep knowledge in a particular area. Similarly, a strong online network enables experts within an organization get alerts when a problem that requires their knowledge that comes into the customer support queue, and facilitates the creation of the strong communities in the form of valuable user member and groups networks. Supercharge meeting facilitation and preparation The unfortunate part of meetings and conferences is that it always seems that one dont connect with the people when one truly want to meet until the final second of the event. A dedicated online social application is created before the event enables attendees to use their time at the event more efficiently, by determining with whom they want to connect with before leaving home. Its the greatest way of connecting members of the organization with a defined time and all are pleased with it that no one is going to miss the meeting if there is no problem occurs. Conclusion From The above discussion it can be said that social network is the only greatest way of communicating with individuals those may be home user or may be a employee working in a big organization. Whatever it takes one can connect with others and can share their views with the help of a social networking site. It will be very much helpful for a user if all the social network is integrated and I am sure all of the user is going to take the advantage of the integrated site so that they dont need to open all of their accounts and can get updated with a single site. Review of some other popular social sites features: Introduction: During the past year, social networking has really taken off globally. Literally hundreds of millions of people around the world are visiting social networking sites each month and many are doing so on a daily basis. It would appear that social networking is not a fad but rather an activity that is being woven into the very fabric of the global Internet. More and more people are and will discover online social networking over time. Since January 2004, the number of people visiting or taking part in one of the top online social networks has grown by over 109% (primarily driven by MySpace and Facebook). Most of this growth has come about in the past 12 months. In the following section a small statistical analysis about some most popular social sites of the current world will be described. Facebook Quick Analysis: Facebook is one of the most popular social networks of the current world. The hot talked group Facebook has the highest growth rate according to the stastical report above. The widget platform, which launched at summer 2007 has had strong growth of more than 13,000 applications have been launched with its container. Facebook is more of a lifestyle participation that allows application members to connect with each other. It is admired to the young generation mostly. Company Figures More than 400 million active users 50% of our active users log on to Facebook in any given day More than 35 million users update their status each day More than 60 million status updates posted each day More than 3 billion photos uploaded to the site each month More than 5 billion pieces of content (web links, news stories, blog posts, notes, photo albums, etc.) shared each week More than 3.5 million events created each month More than 3 million active Pages on Facebook More than 1.5 million local businesses have active Pages on Facebook More than 20 million people become fans of Pages each day Pages have created more than 5.3 billion fans Applications This is No. 1 photo sharing application on the Web It has More than 14 million photos uploaded daily It has almost 6 million active user groups on the application Mobile: There are more than 100 million active users currently accessing Facebook through their mobile devices. People that use Facebook on their mobile devices are twice more active on Facebook than non-mobile users. There are more than 200 mobile operators in 60 countries working to deploy and promote Facebook mobile products International Growth More than 70 translations available on the site About 70% of Facebook users are outside the United States Over 300,000 users helped translate the site through the translations application User Engagement It is the Sixth-most trafficked site in the United States It has More than 65 billion page views per month It has More than half of active users return daily Myspace: MySpace became the most popular social networking site in the United States in June 2006. According to comScore, MySpace was overtaken internationally by its main competitor, Facebook, in April 2008, based on monthly unique visitors. The 100 millionth account was created on August 9, 2006, in the Netherlands. Some most exciting features of myspace are: Bulletins Groups MySpaceIM MySpaceTV (Video) Applications MySpace Mobile MySpace News MySpace Classifieds MySpace Karaoke MySpace Polls Quick Analysis: MySpace the largest Social Networking application in North America maintains a dominant location as media site, primarily aimed at young generation, giving them the opportunity to relate to bands and brands, as well as self-express. This site will continue to do with advertisers and marketers over 185 Million Registered Users in the applicatin 50.2% of them are Female and 49.8% of them are Male Primary Age range is: 14 34 Over the past 5 months, had among 39 and 45 Billion page views in every month in this application. This is the second largest site was Yahoo around 35 Billion. Google, Ebay, MSN and Facebook are all way following with under 15 Billion. 350,000 new registrations in every day. About one Billion of total images on the site, Millions of new photos are coming per day About 25 Million Songs, 142 Terabytes of space for these and, 250,000 concurrent streams in this application. 4.5 Million people are visited on site on any time. 70,000 megabits per seconds of bandwith (I run over 20 sites, some measured large and I dont go above 2 mb/s MySpace is one of the fastest growing web applications of all time, It has: 250 db servers 6000 web servers 650 ad servers 7 Datacenters Twitter: Twitter is one of the fastest growing community applications of the world. It has launched the follower/following relationship instead of traditional friendship. All users of the application can send/receive messages (tweets) via the Twitter application, Short Message Service (SMS), or some external applications. Statistics report Twitter.com received some 23,500,000 visitors. This puts the US market at around one- third of the Twitter user base. While the service itself costs nothing to use, accessing it through SMS may incur phone service provide fees. The website currently has more than 100 million active users worldwide Youtube: It is basically a video sharing site. The users of youtube can post video feeds, they can make relationships and so on. Youtube statistics Total videos uploaded as of March 17th 2008: 78.3 Million Videos uploaded per day: over 200,000 YouTube had 330 MILLION VISITORS watching YouTube videos for the month of AUGUST 2008 Upload statistics of youtube.com USA: 34.5% UK: 6.9% Philippines: 3.9% Turkey: 3.4% Spain: 3.4% Canada: 3.0% Brazil: 3.0% Germany: 2.6% France: 2.6% Mexico: 2.6% Australia: 2.6% Category statistics of youtube.com Music: 19.8% Entertainment: 19.0% People Blogs: 14.2% Comedy: 13.4% Sports: 6.9% Education: 6.0% Autos: 5.2% Film: 4.7% HowTo: 2.6% News: 2.6% Pets: 2.2% Science: 2.2% Travel: 1.3% Conclusion: There are thousands of social sites over the web. Here are a only few of them. In almost all the social applications the community building part are same. After researching over these applications some smart idea for the community application are gathered. These will be used some in the social application. ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION: For the good accomplishment of the project it is needed to analysis the current project first and then I need to find out some common features of existing social sites. All the most common social sites like facebook, twitter, youtube etc are reviewed and I tried to find out some week points of these social sites. This Analysis can help one to determine if a project is technically feasible, is feasible within the estimated cost, Can be accomplished Make sense This Analysis can be considered as an integrated compilation of sub studies that demonstrates the workability of a project. It Address the issue whether the project objectives can be really achieved. PROBLEM OF CURRENT SOCIAL NERWORKING SYSTEMS There are a lot of problems as founded after investigation of social networking system. This problems are classified into categories according to users, those are general problems, operational level problems, and strategic level problems. In bellow I described those categories in details. Some problems that are found are shown as follows- All the feeds are not available into a single account. For example if a user has an account in each of facebook, twitter, myspace, youtube, hi5 and digg the user needs to login each application for getting information about my profile and also my friends status. This is a big problem. If there is a facility where the user will receive all his/her social accounts notification centrally, the user does not need to visit each of the application that he has an account with. In the other hand it is also not possible with the current applications to post a status message in all my social accounts together. For example a user has account with 10 social applications and I need to update my status in all the accounts. In traditional approach, the user needs to log in each application separately and then update all the accounts status one after another. It is a big problem for the users of a system. If there is a system where a user updates his/her status centrally and then the application itself updates all the status of the users all other accounts on behalf of the user, it will be a great service. Technical Analysis: For the development of the application I must select some technologies which will be suitable for creating the application. For example a base language, a database management system, some supporting tools etc should be choosen before the development process. For the base language I choose the php5 scripting language and for the dbms, its mysql5. All the other technologies that will be used in the development are shown as follows- PHP5 as the base scripting language Drupal as the cms/framework part for the application Adobe flash for some view part Actionscript scripting language for working with flash components with some action AMFPHP for integrating with the server side drupal/php/mysql with actionscript/flash part. PHP-template as the template engine for the drupal template generation. And many more supporting technologies such as css, javascript, ajax, html etc. Why I choose php/drupal There are some reasons behind the choosing of drupal. Drupal is an opensource CMS of php language and it provides some standard open source module for supporting the development which enables the development to be finished in short time. Some reasons behind the choosing of drupal framework/cms are shown as follows- It is an open source cms of php. It is not only a cms, it is a framework and provides framework functionalities like any other most popular frameworks like rails (for ruby language), codeigniter and cakephp (for php language). It follows the MVC pattern of development which is the mostly used pattern in todays development. There are tons of opensource modules of drupal available over internet and they are also well documented. Drupal is well documented and all the documents are managed centrally in the same domain. And also the api of drupal is well documented. So if I need any specific queries for the drupal api I can get them from https://www.api.drupal.org. The drupal forum is also a good resource for drupal development. Some opensource modules that comes along with the standard drupal installation that is used into the application are- User: For managing the users signup, login functionalities for the application. Search: for enabling the site users to search for content. Upload: for enabling the site users upload things such as images. Used opensource modules Some opensource modules of drupal that come along with standard package of drupal and also some 3rd party opensource modules of drupal will be used into this application for carrying out some specific functionality. The open source modules are listed as follows- Logintobaggan: for managing the login, redirect after login, logout functionality 123FlashChat for providing chat functionality for the site users. AuthorPane: for showing author/user information in a nice block view. The authorpane module was customized for supporting with skype, yahoo messenger, googletalk, msn and mobile call functionality. ActivityStream: for having updates from all the other social accounts like facebook, twitter etc. For supporting these social sites, I had to integrate some other modules along with the activitystream module such as activitystream_facebook, activitystream_youtube etc. AdminMenu: This module only works for administration section of the application. This module is installed only for the development support as an administrator of the system so that the admin can manage the system well. Avatar_selection: The default behavior of drupal is to not support for user picture. But there were photos available for user so that the user can choose an avater from the system instead of uploading one. This module enable a user to choose an avater from the avater choose section. The previous upload avatar also works with this. Avatarcrop: This module is for cropping the avatar. If the user wants to crop the uploaded image and use a part of the image as his/her avatar, he may do it with the help of this module. Captcha: This module provides the captcha functionality to check that the request is from a human rather than a machine request. So that spam will be reduced into the site. I have also installed the recaptcha module for refurnishing the captcha and enabling the audio captcha. FlagFriend: for enabling site users to have friendship with other users of the application. I had to configure the module from the admin section so that it allows the registered members of the site to have relation like friendship with one another. FacebookStyleStatus: this module will enable the site users to update their status/wall like facebook. They also can update some status to their friends profile with the help of this module. FacebookStyleStatusComment: this module enables the site users to comment over a wall message over own profile or over friends profile. These modules has to be configured so that they can work with each other and also for adopting some custom functionality which does not provided by the custom modules. For these reasons I had to create some custom modules and some custom hooks. I had to create a custom block in the block section so that the user can see his/her profile information in a separate block. The authorpane module provides this functionality, but it does this only for the users page. I also had to create a custom look/template for the author pane module to integrate the skype, gtalk, msn, mobile, yahooIM functionalities. For integrating news functionality, Some complete custom modules were developed which reads all the topchart movies of the week and then communicates with a flash .swf file. The swf file then communicates with the server for reading the top movies data and then it displays the news with the news module. Adobe flash cs3 ide is used to product the swf file to integrate with the news module. For the action part the actionscript3 scripting language besides flash is used. Some code snippets for these modules are available in the appendix B Conclusion: After finishing the analysis part for the system, some specific things were found that will integrated with the system and some opensource tools and techniques are also found that will help me in the development process. Design: The design of the application includes the database design, entity relationship diagram, sequence diagram, use case diagram etc. It helps when developing the actual application. Use case diagrams: The following use case diagrams and use case descriptions represents the whole system have to produce. Usecase description for the system (coffeehouseadda.co.cc) Scope: https://www.coffeehouseadda.co.cc Level: Full system Primary actor: Anonymous User/Registered User/Admin Anonymous User: An anonymous user will be able to visit some functionalities of the site. He/she can register for an account into the site and can become a registered user of the site. Registered User: A registered user can access every part of the application except the admin section. They required logging in into the site to get access of all parts of the application. Admin: Admin can access all over the site. He/she can manage all the user accounts of the application, add some custom role, or change permission for users etc. Main Success Scenarios: Users of the system will enter to the web application using a web browser. Users must register to use the service and functionality that are provided by coffeehouseadda.co.cc. Users will sign up by clicking on register link and providing some basic information about users as in the register page. Existing user may login into the application using their details. Users may make friends by searching friends from the website. For this one user must visit the users profile and send a friendship request. Users can access their message box from where they can send new messages to their friends and receive from their friends. Users may create their personal profile to view it to others in the coffeehouseadda.co.cc. Admin can manage users like activate or deactivate specific users, create user etc. User can provide his/her other social accounts id (such as facebook, twitter) to have new notifications updates from this application. Users can update all their accounts status from this application centrally. Usecase diagram for getting all social feed: The user will receive all the feeds/notifications of all his/her social accounts. Usecase description for getting all social feed Scope: coffeehouseadda.co.cc Web Application Level: User goal Primary Actor: User Stakeholders: User: Registered users of the application who have provided their profile information appropriately, will receive all the notification from all his/her social accounts (like facebook, youtube, twitter). Main Success Scenarios: Users open the web application with the help of a web browser. Go to user account page. Edit users account. Edit activity stream section of profile information Provide information of other social sites like (twitter name, digg username) etc. Visit my account page. New feed/notifications from all the other social accounts will be available from here centrally. Usecase diagram for making friendship: All the registered users of the system may have friendship with other users of the system. Usecase description for making friendship Scope: coffeehouseadda.co.cc Web Application Level: User goal Primary Actor: User Stakeholders: User: Users of the system may visit other users profile and may send friendship request to them. If the requited user accepts the relation, they will be friend to each other. Main Success Scenarios: Users open the web application with the help of a web browser. Users login to the site using their username/email and password. User search from other users and visit their profile. User sends friendship request. The requested user visit his/her profile and get notified for new requests If the requested user accepts the relation, they will be friend each other. It is also possible to deny a friendship request from a user. Users can also send a private message to their friends. Users may also leave a comment to their friends wall. Usecase diagram for social integration: The following usecase diagram describes how the system is integrated with other social applications. Usecase description for update all social integration Scope: coffeehouseadda.co.cc Web Application Level: User goal Primary Actor: User Stakeholders: User: The registered users of the system is integrated with all the other popular social sites like facebook, twitter. He/she will get all the notification from those accounts and also can post status their from this application centrally. Main Success Scenarios: The user first logs into his/her account using his/her account details The user edit his/her profiles activity stream section for receiving feeds from all social accounts. The user visit the my account page. In the my account section, the user will receive all his/her other social accounts feed The user logs in with other sites connect application. The user updates all the social accounts status centrally. The following use case diagram describe how a user updates all his/her other social accounts status together from this application. Usecase description for update all social apps together: Scope: coffeehouseadda.co.cc Web Application Level: User goal Primary Actor: User Stakeholders: User: Users of the system will connect the application with the specific social application like facebook or twitter and then update all the status from here together centrally. Main Success Scenarios The users of the system logs into the application with their account information They connect with the connect application with for example facebook connect. After getting connected with all his/her accounts, he/she may update all his/her status together. Write something into the update text field The press the update status button for updating all the status. If the user is not log in into any site (connect) a message will be appeared call please login first Database Design (Database metadata): Users: uid int(10) name varchar(60) pass varchar(32) mail varchar(64) picture varchar(255) login int(11) status tinyint(4) language varchar(12) created int(11) updated int(12) Profile profile_id int(10) uid int(10) aid int(10) dob dateTime mobile_no varchar(14) skype varchar(255) msn varchar(255) yahooIM varchar(255) gtalk varchar(255) facebook_url varchar(255) twitter_name varchar(255) dig_name varchar(255) youtube_name varchar(255) political_view varchar(255) religious_view varchar(255) created Timestamp FlagFriend id int(10) uid int(10) friend_id int(10) created Timestamp FlagFriendMessage flagFriendId int(10) message varchar(255) Node nid int(10) type varchar(255) uid int(10) title varchar(255) created Timestamp Comment cid int(10) nid int(10) sid int(10) uid int(10) subject varchar(255) comment varchar(255) FacebookLikeStatus sid int(10) uid int(10) status_time Timestamp status varchar(255) Avatar aid int(10) fid int(10) avatar_name varchar(255) File fid int(10) uid int(10) filename varchar(255) filePath varchar(255 fileSize int(10) timestamp Timestamp UserVisit id int(10) profile_id int(10) visitor_id int(10) visited_at Timestamp UserRole id int(10) rid int(10) uid int(10) Role rid int(10) name varchar(255) ERD User Profile Avatar UserRole Role FlagFriend FlagFriendMessage Node Comment FacebookLikeStatus File UserVisit Development of Coffeehouseadda.co.cc Introduction: In the analysis section, it will be described about how the technologies will work. But while the development period, some tools are used for the accomplishing of the development. So in this part these opensource tools will be describes (tools should be used in the development period). Tools that used in the development process Some great tools were giving support while the development process. For the better code hinting, referencing, searching functionalities an intelligent IDE should be choosed and so on. Some tools that are used in the development are shown as follows- Netbeans 6.7: As php/drupal is choosed as the base language for developing the application, an intelligent IDE that supports this specific language should be choosen. And netbeans ide is one of the bests in this purpose. It supports intelligent code hinting, reference, commenting, searching and lots more function. The official netbeans site is https://netbeans.org/ Adobe flash CS3: For the development of the swf application that is used in the news module, The cs3 version of adobe flash tool is used in this purpose. It is a great tool for compiling and building swfs. It supports Actionscript and it is also possible to design custom class in the design view from this tool. So this tool is choose for generating the flash/swf application for the news module. The official site for adobe flash is https://www.adobe.com/products/flash/ XAMPP server: As my application is a php based application, this application should be developed in a server that supports the php platform. Apache is the best for this purpose. So I choose XAMPP because it is a package that provides apache along with mysql5 and phpmyadmin which is a popular tool for designing database. The official site for XAMPP is https://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp.html StarUML: While documenting in the analysis part of the development process this tool help me much in generating UML diagrams such as use case diagrams, class diagram and sequence diagrams. The official site for StarUML is https://staruml.sourceforge.net/ Code: As Drupal framework is choosen for the development, all the code needs to be written with drupal convention. All the api related with drupal are available in https://www.api.drupal.org and all the opensource modules are available in https://www.drupal.org/project/modules Some sample code snippet are given in the Appendix B Conclusion: With the help of these tools and described open source modules/frameworks the development process is finished. Some code snippet of the developed application is described in the Appendix B and some screenshots of the application are available in the Appendix C. Evaluation: The implementation of this project has a great response and was a reasonable success. Despite the implementation not fully meeting the requirements at this moment it does provide a lot of the required functionality. A lot has been learnt while developing the application, this project has lead to a better understanding of the uses of social application and social integration. There is a greater awareness of the integrated social application that is available at the moment. The social application is launched online with the domain https://www.coffeehouseadda.co.cc . Currently is supports most of the features of a social site and more visitors are visiting the site now. This will be a great application among the all other social network applications. Testing: All the functionalities of the application are checked and all of them are working well. All the links are checked and none of them are broken. SN Test name Expected output Actual output Comment Link test All links should work. None of them should be broken All links are working well. OK Login Test Should authenticate appropriately Authenticated appropriately with the database OK Register Save registered users data to the database and send mail to users mail account Saves registered users data to the database and send mail to users mail account OK Validations All the validations (client side and server side) should work. All the validation rules are working as expected OK Connect Apps Connect apps are should work appropriately and login users to their remote account Connect applications are working as expected. OK Send private message Should send private message to users Sending private messages as it was expected OK Some screenshot of the developed web application are shown in the Appendix C. Conclusion: After all, all the parts of this project is accomplished. All the parts of the application is working fine. A domain and 500 mb of hosting for launching the application was bought for hosting the social application. The web url for the application is https://www.coffeehouseadda.co.cc .I am very happy after successfully building such an application. References: Web Urls https://www.facebook.com https://www.twitter.com https://www.youtube.com https://www.drupal.org https://www.drupalmodules.org https://www.api.drupal.org https://www.uml.org Books Appress Drupal 6 By John K. VanDyk ISBN13: 978-1-4302-0989-8 Purpose of the project This is a social site like facebook or orkut. All the functionalities of a social site will be available in this site. But there will be also some extra feature which will make this application different from the rests. There are as follows- There are lots of social sites over internet. Some of the most popular are facebook, orkut, myspace, twitter, hi5 etc. Now lets think of a user who got an account of each of these sites. So what he/she does to have updated news/feed of his/her account? He/she has to open all the sites (or application individually) for them and then get those status feeds/tweets etc. So it is very difficult for a user to check and manage status/feeds from all accounts (social sites). This project will enable those users to view all the recent feeds of the user from all the social sites that he has an account centrally. The user will log into his/her account and then manage his/her social accounts from the control panel (add/edit accounts). Then in his/her dashboard there will be a section for viewing all these status/tweets. Another cool feature of the app is that, if the user wants to update his/her status of an account lets say the user has an account with facebook and he/she can update his/her facebook status with the application. So with the help of the application the user not only get all the status from all his/her social accounts, he/she can also manage/update his/her dashboard/feeds centrally. Limitations and problems Some limitations and problems on the current system are listed below. It is difficult to integrate all the apis of the existing social site with this site. It is difficult to update all social sites status centrally from this application if the social does not provide a friendly api for this purpose. Appendix A (Project Proposal) Aim of the project The aim of the project is to become a very popular social site among the users and the functionalities that will help on this aim are Social sites integration: All the social sites will be integrated with this site, so a user can centrally manage and share his/her updates. Custom layout: The user can choose his/her own layout for the dashboard and also can manage his/her graphical user interface (GUI). Online chat: Users of the system wi ll be able to Photo gallery: This wi ll enable a user make his/her own photo gallery in this site. Music Gallery: With this feature the user will be able to upload his/her favorite music and then they can play them with a music player there. Custom feed: There will also be a feed section which will work as an online feed reader. The user can read online feed with the help of this module. Others: Other facilities of a social application such as the making buddies, send message, updating status etc. Used Technologies Methodology: There are several methodologies which can be used to comp lete any project. But personally I prefer the Unified Modeling Process (UMP) which is concerned as an introduction to object oriented analysis and design and iterative development. So I will use Unified Modeling Language (UML) to analyze the system. Objective oriented analysis provides more advantages. For this reason I choose this Unified Modeling Process (UMP). New skills There are some issues/skills that are required to build this application that I have no knowledge yet. I need to cover these skills for accomplishing this assignment. Some of them are shown as follows- Online chat server Api of existing social sites to integrate them with the application Feed management for the feed reader Practical implementation To implement the application, it needs some software and hardware component installed on the organization. They are listed below. Languages/Technologies: For building this application I need to use several languages. These are listed as follow- PHP5 as the base language which runs on apache web server. Drupal as the cms and framework for the application as drupal provides framework functionality in MVC pattern like any other rich frameworks (rails for ruby language) Flash/Actionscript 3: will be used to make custom components for flex and also for building the feed reader which will enable the users of the application to read any feed. And also a mp3 player will be prepared using this which will enable the users of the system to here his/her favorite musics. Amfphp: This will enable actionscript/ flash to connect with the database server. This will work as an active record layer for the application. Mysql: this will be used in this application as the dbms. Other things such as html, css, javascript, ajax will be used in different places in the application for serving different purposes. Software component Some software will be needed to build this application. Some of them are shown as follows- Adobe flash professional cs3 Netbeans 6.7 Mysql server And some other related things. For running this application, the things are needed are A server where the application will be hosted. A database server where all the data will be present for the application. Milestone System development stage Start date End date Duration (Days) Initial study 20 Jan 2010 26 Jan 2010 6 Feasibility study 27 Jan 2010 31 Jan 2010 5 Requirement analysis 01 Feb 2010 08 Feb 2010 8 Requirement specification 09 Feb 2010 22 Feb 2010 14 System design 23 Feb 2010 05 Feb 2010 12 Program development 13 Feb 2010 13 April 2010 60 Testing 14 April 2010 20 April 2010 6 Implementation 21 April 2010 22nd April 2010 2 Critical appraisal 23rd April 2010 25th April 2010 3